On March 7, 2025, the International Criminal Court (ICC) issued an arrest warrant for Rodrigo Roa Duterte, former President of the Philippines. The warrant accuses Duterte of crimes against humanity, including murder, torture, and rape, stemming from his controversial "war on drugs" campaign. The alleged crimes occurred between November 1, 2011, and March 16, 2019, covering both his tenure as mayor of Davao City and his presidency.
Allegations and Charges
The ICC's warrant outlines that Duterte acted as an indirect co-perpetrator of widespread and systematic attacks targeting alleged drug offenders. The charges include:
- Murder: Thousands of extrajudicial killings attributed to police and vigilantes.
- Torture: Allegations of abuse and mistreatment during anti-drug operations.
- Rape: Reports implicating state-sponsored violence against women.
The court claims Duterte oversaw the operations of the Davao Death Squad (DDS), providing resources and immunity to law enforcement involved in these acts.
Jurisdiction and Legal Framework
Despite the Philippines' withdrawal from the Rome Statute in 2019, the ICC maintains jurisdiction over crimes committed while the country was still a member. This legal stance enables the court to prosecute Duterte for alleged offenses during this period.
Arrest and Extradition
On March 11, 2025, Duterte was arrested in Manila upon his return from Hong Kong. Philippine authorities, in collaboration with Interpol, detained him at Ninoy Aquino International Airport. Duterte was then extradited to The Hague to face trial.
The current administration under President Ferdinand Marcos Jr. has expressed willingness to cooperate with the ICC, marking a departure from Duterte's previous refusal to recognize the court's authority.
Global and Domestic Reactions
Duterte's arrest has sparked global attention and domestic debate. Human rights organizations view the warrant as a significant step toward justice for the victims of Duterte's drug war. However, his supporters argue that the ICC's actions undermine Philippine sovereignty.
The proceedings at The Hague will determine whether Duterte is held accountable for these grave allegations.
For the official ICC warrant, refer to the full document: ICC Arrest Warrant.
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